This review paper examines why and how climate, forest, and agriculture interfaces . blockquote, input, textarea, .searchform .searchfield, .wp-caption, .widget-default, .commentlist .alt { Both climate variability and change have been occurring in Ethiopia. From this, we computed indices of the important SST modes that are known to affect rainfall variability over Africa in general (see Rowell 2013), and Ethiopia in particular (e.g. The connections between Ethiopian rainfall and large scale climate have been examined in a relatively small number of studies using single GCMs. The cold, moist temperate zone covers the Afro-alpine areas on the highest plateaus between 3,200 and 3,500 m; average temperatures are below 10C and annual rainfall averages less than 800 mm. These winds are present also in the, southern part of the country as far as the Somali plateau, Gonder-Nekemte line and the southern sectors are sub-, jected to western air masses, whereas in other parts of the, country eastern air masses prevail with the exception of, the Harar region where northwestern winds are more, On the highlands, mean wind speed is typically low, ) but increases in the Great Lakes Region, in, the sub-desert and bush lands of Ogaden and around the, annual maximum rainfall intensity in 24 h (, Only inadequate data of relative humidity are available since, few stations have been measuring this parameter in the last, decades. (2011); and Martin et al. endstream
endobj
170 0 obj
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2011). These changes influence complex forest ecosystems in many ways. Similarly, the SST over southern Indian Ocean shows some significant and negative correlation with the CW-Ethiopia JAS rainfall. 0000152101 00000 n
most important factors. A quasi-objective method was employed to define coherent seasons and regions of SST-rainfall teleconnections for Ethiopia. Int J Climatol 21:9731005. 3LA0S)d
L~+0y}}}} ;YP#Y"D)kH'`e4|O\
f\0Odd+jT@AL5OE|bn&Gt!F~,yVShcGep3Cb\Kw2'8DV5`Y\u'010gJUM;{2'oZ.IJ/}IKm1s? 2017).The region has three main seasons. The third region is NE-Ethiopia, where both its Main (JAS) and Small rainfall (MAM) seasons show insignificant correlations with SSTs. 18th Floor Balcony, enced by local orographic or morphologic factors. Malaria has been Ethiopia's predominant communicable disease for decades. 200 0 obj
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Low pressure over South Sudan draws in a moist flow from the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden (Segele et al. Rain falls infrequently in this area, although the river itself serves to keep the land fertile even at the height of the dry season. Climate and vegetation dynamics are tightly coupled: regional climate affects land surface processes over a range of scales with unprecedented speed (IPCC 2007, Zhao et al 2011), while vegetation, in turn, affects climate through feedbacks via photosynthesis and evapotranspiration, changes in albedo and biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (Henderson-Sellers 1993, Fang et al 2003, Meng . (2008) has used the SST anomalies from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans to predict the MAM rainfall. Some examples of this longer time-scale variability might . Climate change will have key impacts on agriculture, livestock, water and human health in Ethiopia. /* a, .branding h1 a:hover, .post-comments a:hover, .bbcrumb a:hover, #feature_slider .fcontent.fstyle-lightbg a, #feature_slider .fcontent.fstyle-nobg a{color:#024d73;}a:hover,.commentlist cite a:hover, #grandchildnav .current_page_item a:hover, .headline h1 a:hover{color:#024d73;}#feature-footer, .main-nav li.current-page-ancestor a, .main-nav li.current_page_item a, .main-nav li.current-page-ancestor ul a, .main-nav li.current_page_item ul a, #wp-calendar caption, #buddypress-page #subnav, #buddypress-page .activity .activity-inner, #buddypress-page table.forum th, #grandchildnav.widget, blockquote, input, textarea, .searchform .searchfield, .wp-caption, .widget-default, .commentlist .alt, #wp-calendar #today, #buddypress-page div.activity-comments form .ac-textarea, #buddypress-page form#whats-new-form #whats-new-textarea, .post-nav, .current_posts_info, .post-footer, #twitterbar, #carousel .content-pad, .success, .sf-menu li li, .sf-menu li li, .sf-menu li li li, .content-pagination a .cp-num, .hentry table .alternate td{background:#024d73;}ul.sf-menu ul li, .post-nav, .current_posts_info, .post-footer, blockquote, input, textarea, .searchform .searchfield, .wp-caption, .widget-default, #buddypress-page div.activity-comments form .ac-textarea, #buddypress-page form#whats-new-form #whats-new-textarea, #grandchildnav.widget, .fpost .post-thumb img, .clip .clip-thumb img, .author-thumb img, #carousel .content ul li a img, #carousel .content ul li a:hover img, #feature-footer{border-color:#dddddd;}blockquote, input, textarea, .searchform .searchfield, .wp-caption, .widget-default, #buddypress-page div.activity-comments form .ac-textarea, #buddypress-page form#whats-new-form #whats-new-textarea, #grandchildnav.widget, fpost .post-thumb img, .clip .clip-thumb img, .author-thumb img{border-left-color:#DDDDDD;}blockquote, input, textarea, .searchform .searchfield, .wp-caption, .widget-default, #buddypress-page div.activity-comments form .ac-textarea, #buddypress-page form#whats-new-form #whats-new-textarea, #grandchildnav.widget, fpost .post-thumb img, .clip .clip-thumb img, .author-thumb img{border-top-color:#DDDDDD;}#feature-footer .feature-footer-pad{border-left-color:#FFFFFF;}#feature-footer .feature-footer-pad{border-top-color:#FFFFFF;}#feature-footer, #grandchildnav li a, #grandchildnav .current_page_item ul li a, #buddypress-page #object-nav ul li a{ text-shadow:#FFFFFF 0 1px 0;}#wp-calendar thead th, #buddypress-page #object-nav, .item-avatar a, .comment blockquote, #grandchildnav .current_page_item a, #grandchildnav li a:hover, #grandchildnav .current_page_item ul li a:hover, #carousel .carousel_text, pagination .wp-pagenavi a, #pagination .wp-pagenavi .current, #pagination .wp-pagenavi .extend, .sf-menu li:hover, .sf-menu li.sfHover, #featurenav a, #feature-footer span.playpause, .content-pagination .cp-num, .content-pagination a:hover .cp-num, ins{background:#F1F1F1;}#featurenav a, #feature-footer span.playpause{border-color:#DDDDDD;}#featurenav a, #feature-footer span.playpause{border-left-color:#CCCCCC;}#featurenav a, #feature-footer span.playpause{border-top-color:#CCCCCC;}#buddypress-page #object-nav ul li a:hover,#buddypress-page #object-nav ul li.selected a, #buddypress-page #subnav a:hover, #buddypress-page #subnav li.current a, #featurenav a.activeSlide{background:#e1e1e1;}#featurenav a.activeSlide{border-color:#CCCCCC;}#featurenav a.activeSlide{border-left-color:#999999;}#featurenav a.activeSlide{border-top-color:#999999;}#footer, #footer li.link-list a, #footer .latest_posts li .list-excerpt{color:#e9e9e9;}#footer a, #footer .widget-title, #footer li h5 a{color:#FFFFFF;}#footer, .fixed_width #footer{ text-shadow:#000000 0 -1px 0;}#feature-area, .feature-wrap, #feature_slider .fmedia, #feature_slider .fcontent, #feature_slider .text-bottom .fmedia .dcol-pad, #feature_slider .text-bottom .feature-pad, #feature_slider .text-none .fmedia .dcol-pad{height:330px;}body{} , reconstruction, and it currently stands the CW-Ethiopia JAS rainfall at 20.9 for... 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